Andimba toivo ya toivo biography definition

Retrieved 13 June The Namibian ya Toivo 90th birthday supplement ed. Archived from the original PDF on 1 July Retrieved 26 May The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 June Retrieved 18 June Confidente Newspaper. Archived from the original on 29 June Retrieved 27 May A Life for Freedom. University Press of Kentucky. South African History Online.

New Era. Retrieved 9 June Archived from the original on 26 August Retrieved 25 August Archived from the original on 23 December Retrieved 23 December Archived from the original on 9 March South African Government Information. Archived from the original on 25 January Retrieved 8 September IUM Voice. International University of Management.

October—December Archived from the original PDF on 8 September Retrieved 19 June Toivo was put under house arrest on his return to Namibia and Chief Johannes Kambonde was charged to supervise him at Okaloko in northern Namibia. In a trial in August between, 'The state v. The Terrorism Act was applied retrospectively to convict these political activists from Namibia.

Toivo Ya Toivo made a speech at the trial which was widely publicised thereafter. He stated in brief that, 'We are Namibians, and not South Africans. We do not now, and will not in the future, recognise your right to govern us; to make laws for us, in which we had no say; to treat our country as if it was your property and us as if you are our masters.

On 1 MarchToivo was released from Robben Island, having served 16 of his 20 years. Of all his fellow Namibian guerrillas he was serving the longest sentence on the notorious Robben Island prison. Nevertheless, on his day of release he had to be lured out of his cell, not happy to have gained freedom by himself with many comrades still behind bars.

After a brief stay in Windhoek he left for Lusaka to rejoin his comrades in exile. In the advent of Namibia's independence, a showdown was expected between Sam Nujoma, who had spent many years in exile, and Toivo, incarcerated at Robben Island. Toivo avoided this conflict, "settling" for the post of Minister of Mines and Energy, leaving Nujoma the presidency.

After over three years in that position, he was appointed as Minister of Prisons and Correctional Services on 27 Augustswitching posts with Marco Hausiku. Toivo received the eleventh-most votes in the election to the central committee of SWAPO at the party's August congress. Toivo denied being linked to the RDP, but the claim was believed to have influenced the vote.

After retiring from active politics, Toivo devoted his time to his wife, Vicki Erenstein, an American labor lawyer, and two daughters, Mutaleni and Nashikoto, and ran various businesses.

Andimba toivo ya toivo biography definition

He died on the evening of 9 June at his home in Windhoek at the age of 92 years. Ya Toivo was declared a national hero of Namibia and accorded a state funeral in Windhoek's Heroes' Acre. Some of the various other honours bestowed upon him are:. Andimba Toivo ya Toivo Biography. All rights reserved. If those are your goals, you would do better to pursue other careers.

Toivo did not only speak out against post-liberation scourges raising their ugly heads in Namibia. In he also addressed a warning to South African politicians. In his later years Toivo also raised his voice against what he perceived as the rise of tribalism in post-colonial Namibia. It will never take you anywhere, but it causes destruction.

At a time when ethnicity had become a frequent concern in the post-colonial politics and society, Toivo called on the solidarities of anti-colonial nationalism. His widow Vicki Erenstein ya Toivo used the occasion of the state funeral to chastise those who exploited their positions to get rich. Toivo was not just a Namibian freedom fighter.